|
Abbreviation
|
Legend
|
|---|
|
DIWE
|
Distance Indicating Wind Equipment (DIWE)
|
|
CWIS
|
Current Weather Instrument System (CWIS) (Temperature, Humidity, Wind & Pressure sensors)
|
|
IAAMS
|
Integrated Automated Aviation Meteorological System (CWIS + Transmissometer).
|
|
AWOS
|
Automated Aviation Meteorological System (CWIS + Transmissometer).
|
|
SS
|
Wind wane, Cup anemometer, Stevenson Screen
|
|
A/R
|
As & when required
|
|
AMO
|
Aerodrome Meteorological Office (Formerly Class I Met Office)
|
|
AMS
|
Aerodrome Meteorological Station (Formerly Class III Met Office)
|
|
HJ
|
Observation from sun-rise to sun-set
|
|
H24
|
Continuous day and night service
|
|
HO
|
Service available to meet operational requirements
|
|
HS
|
Service available during hours of scheduled service
|
|
METAR
|
Coded Meteorological current weather routine report (+ Local Met. Report in abbreviated plain language for local ATC / Area / Approach control as applicable)
|
|
TREND
|
Landing forecast appended to aviation weather reports (METAR and Local Met. Reports in abbreviated plain language for local ATC / Area / Approach control as applicable).
|
5.
|
Types of services
|
|
|
5.1.
|
Area Forecast
|
5.1.1
|
Under the World Area Forecast system, WAFC London is responsible for the supply of forecast data of upper winds, upper-air temperatures, direction, speed and height of maximum winds and tropopause heights and temperatures. The products are valid for 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 hours after the time of synoptic data (0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 UTC) on which the forecasts are based. The grid point data for upper wind/temperature and geopotential height are available for FL 50 (850 hPa), FL 100 (700 hPa), FL 140 (600 hPa), FL 180 (500 hPa), FL 240 (400 hPa), FL 270 (350 hPa), FL 300 (300 hPa), FL 320 (275 hPa), FL 340 (250 hPa), FL 360 (225 hPa), FL 390 (200 hPa) and FL 450 (150 hPa), FL530 (100 hPa). In addition, forecast Humidity for flight levels FL 50 (850 hPa), FL 100 (700 hPa), FL 140 (600 hPa) and FL 180 (500 hPa) are also available. The above data in chart form are made available through online aviation meteorological briefing system (OLBS) functioning at Chennai and New Delhi for the registered airline users through user name / password access and for those who are yet to register in hard copy form as part of chart form of documentation (CFD) briefing material.
|
5.1.2
|
Required data for the forecast of significant weather (SIGWX) phenomena are also provided by WAFC London, four times a day for fixed valid times of 0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 UTC. These data are received through secured file transfer protocol (ftp) access by IMD, processed and the SIGWX charts for FL 100 - FL 250 and FL 250 - FL 630 are generated through OLBS in India for the documentation of international and domestic flights.
|
5.1.3
|
These charts are made available in OLBS for online self-briefing by pilots and flight despatchers and also disseminated through IMD’s communication channel to forecasting offices to meet the manual briefing requirements, if any.
|
5.1.4
|
In addition, national SIGWX charts and prognostic charts are also being prepared by the four Meteorological Watch Offices functioning at Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai for the documentation of national short-haul flights.
|
|
|
5.2
|
Route and Aerodrome Forecasts
|
|
|
5.2.1.
|
Route Forecast, terminal aerodrome forecast and local forecasts are issued by Aerodrome Meteorological Offices (Offices having forecasting facilities) for its own and its attached aeronautical meteorological stations (AMS). In addition, all Aerodrome Meteorological Offices (AMO) issue trend forecasts and some of the AMS also issue trend forecasts based on user requirements. All AMOs issue take-off forecast for its own as per user requirements. During the closed hours of watch of the offices with restricted forecasting hours, the necessary forecasts are issued by the meteorological offices at state/regional centres.
|
|
|
5.3.
|
Aerodrome Warning/Wind Shear Warnings
|
|
|
5.3.1
|
Aerodrome warnings are issued by AMOs functioning during the hours of forecasting watch and give concise information of meteorological condition, which could adversely affect aircraft on the ground, including parked aircraft and the aerodrome facilities and services. In cases of aerodromes with AMS, the associated AMO at the state centres or regional centres issue these warnings, if there is prior requisition.
|
5.3.2.
|
These warnings are supplied to ATS units of Airports Authority of India for further dissemination over the aerodrome to operators and other agencies.
|
5.3.3.
|
Aerodrome warnings are issued for strong surface winds, tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, squall, dust storm/sand storm, hail, frost, snow, freezing precipitation etc. as recommended in ICAO Annex 3.
|
5.3.4.
|
In addition, warnings for gliders and light aircraft and helicopters are issued and appended to the Local forecast when the wind speed is expected to reach 17 knots or more.
|
|
|
6.
|
Briefing and Display
|
|
|
6.1.
|
Briefing is provided through OLBS with user name and password access for the registered users. However, for those who do not have user name / password access, manual briefing is provided. In all AMOs briefing is available to the pilots and/ or flight operations personnel about the prevailing and anticipated weather conditions. Latest surface and upper-air synoptic charts, meteorological reports, and forecasts of destination and its alternate(s), SIGMET information, AIREP, prognostic charts, ground based weather radar information and satellite cloud imagery are readily available in PC monitors for consultation and briefing. In addition, hard copy form is supplied as part of briefing material based on the user requirements. Depending on the weather situation, the meteorological officer may insist that the pilot in command of a flight be present personally for briefing. Briefing is also provided at AMS (where forecasting facility is not available) after obtaining the same from its associated AMO.
|
|
|
7.
|
Documentation
|
|
|
7.1
|
Documentation consists of -
|
7.1.1
|
Flight forecast in tabular form/ pictorial cross-sectional form/ charts form / a single vertical cross section chart form covering various levels for the selected route.
|
7.1.2
|
Terminal aerodrome forecasts of destination and alternate aerodrome.
|
7.1.3
|
Take-off and ascent/descent data (wherever necessary) are provided to flights taking off from airports within the country.
|
|
|
7.2.
|
The chart form of forecast for domestic short-haul flights consists of prognostic SIGWX charts for medium level (FL 100 - FL 250) and high level (FL 250 - FL 630) and prognostic upper wind and temperature charts for the levels mentioned at 5.1.1 above for both international and domestic flights. The Chart form of documentation (CFD) is prepared at MWO, Chennai and Delhi using the gridded binary (GRIB1) data obtained through secured ftp access from WAFC, London and the same are made available for briefing at all AMOs and AMSs concerned. Forecasts are normally given up to the next halt where a meteorological forecasting office exists, when the duration of the halt is more than seventy-five minutes. Through online access, the users have the privilege to select and choose the forecast requirements covering the endurance and return flight requirements subject to the
halt duration at destination and procedural requirements of briefing at destination as per prevailing norms.
|
|
|
7.3
|
Return forecasts are provided for flights when the halt at the destination is less than 75 minutes and there is no change of crew. If sufficient notice is given, arrangements are also made to provide documentation even at airports without meteorological forecasting facility. If planned halt(s) at intermediate airports are for long periods, a decision whether fresh forecasts will be required at intermediate halt(s), will have to be taken by mutual consultation between the pilot and the meteorological office at the original departure aerodrome taking into consideration the expected weather developments.
|
|
|
7.4
|
A fresh forecast has to be obtained at intermediate halts when the period of validity of the route and/or aerodrome forecasts supplied has elapsed or is expected to elapse before the completion of the flights due to changes in the original plan. In such cases, the operator has to make arrangements to obtain fresh forecast from the Aviation Meteorological Office at the original departure aerodrome or from the nearest Aviation Meteorological Office. The responsibility for the collection and transmission of the forecasts to the pilot at intermediate halts rests with the operator.
|
|
Name of station/Location Indicator
|
Type and frequency of observatories/Automatic Observing Equipment
|
Type of Met reports and supp. information included
|
Observing system & site(s)
|
Hours of operation
|
Climatological Information
|
|---|
|
Agartala/VEAT
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC TOWER
|
HJ
|
NIL
|
|
Agatti/VOAT
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC TOWER
|
HO
|
NIL
|
|
Ahmedabad/VAAH
|
Half hourly
|
METAR/TREND
|
CWIS & Transmissometer at RWY 23;
additional DIWE near ATC TOWER
|
H24
|
Available
|
|
Amritsar/VIAR
|
Half hourly
|
METAR/TREND
|
IAAMS at RWY 34,
Transmissometer at RWY MID & RWY 16
|
H24
|
Nil
|
|
Aurangabad/VAAU
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE NEAR ATC
|
HO
|
Nil
|
|
Barapani (Shillong)/
VEBI
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Belgaum/VOBM
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Bengaluru (Devanahalli)/ VOBL
|
Half hourly
|
METAR/TREND
|
IAAMS at RWY 27;
CWIS & Transmissometer at RWY09;
|
H24
|
Available (VOBG)
|
|
Bengaluru/ VOBG
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
CWIS at RWY 27;
Additional DIWE at ATC TOWER
|
HJ
|
Available
|
|
Bhavnagar/VABV
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HO
|
Nil
|
|
Bhopal (Bairagarh)/
VABP
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Bhubneswar/VEBS
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
CWIS at RWY 32;
DIWE at ATC
|
H24
|
Nil
|
|
Calicut/VOCL
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
CWIS at RWY28;
DIWE at RWY10
|
H24
|
Nil
|
|
Chennai/VOMM
|
Half hourly
|
METAR/TREND
|
IAAMS at RWY07; CWIS at RWY 25;
Transmissometer at RWY25
CWIS at RWY12; CWIS at RWY30
|
H24
|
Available
|
|
Cochin Intl/VOCI
|
Half hourly
|
METAR/TREND
|
CWIS at RWY27;
DIWE at RWY 09
|
H24
|
Nil
|
|
Coimbatore/VOCB
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC
|
H24
|
Available
|
|
Cooch Behar/VECO
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Dehradun/VIDN
|
As & when required (A/R)
|
METAR
|
Transmissometer at RWY 08
Additional DIWE at Observatory.
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Delhi/VIDP
|
Half hourly
|
METAR/TREND
|
IAAMS at RWY11, RWY 27, RWY29
CWIS at RWY10, RWY 28, RWY 09
Transmissometers at RWY09, MID, RWY27;
RWY11 BEG, RWY11 TDZ, RWY29 MID, RWY29 TDZ, RWY29 BEG;
RWY10, MID, RWY28.
|
H24
|
Available
|
|
Dibrugarh (Mohanbari)/
VEMN
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Dimapur/VEMR
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Durgapur/VEDG
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
CWIS at RWY
DIWE at RWY
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Fursatganj/VERB
|
Hourly
|
METAR
|
SS
|
A/R
|
Nil
|
|
Gaya/VEGY
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HO
|
Nil
|
|
Gondia/VAGD
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DCWIS at RWY04
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Guwahati/VEGT
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
IAAMS at RWY 02; DIWE RWY 02;
Additional Transmissometer RWY 02;
|
H24
|
Nil
|
|
Hubli/VOHB
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Hyderabad/VOHY
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
CWIS at RWY27
|
HJ
|
Available
|
|
Imphal/VEIM
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Indore /VAID
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
NIL
|
|
Jabalpur/VAJB
|
Hourly
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HS
|
NIL
|
|
Jaipur /VIJP
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
IAAMS at RWY27;
Transmissometer at RWY09, MID, RWY27.
CWIS at RWY 09
|
H24
|
Nil
|
|
Jamshedpur VEJS
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Juhu (Mumbai)/ VAJJ
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
CWIS at JUHU HELIPAD
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Kadapa/VOCP
|
Hourly
|
METAR
|
Portable Kit.
|
A/R
|
Nil
|
|
Kandla/VAKE
|
Hourly
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
A/R
|
Nil
|
|
Kangra (Gaggal)/VIGG
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Keshod /VAKS
|
Hourly
|
METAR
|
SS
|
A/R
|
Nil
|
|
Khajuraho/VEKO
|
Hourly
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Kolkata/VECC
|
Half hourly
|
METAR/TREND
|
Transmissometer at RWY 19L,
RWY 01L, MID;
Transmissometer at RWY 01R,
01R MID & 19R
|
H24
|
Available
|
|
Kota/VIKO
|
Hourly
|
METAR
|
SS
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Kullu Manali (Bhuntar)/
VIBR
|
Hourly
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Lengpui (Aizwal)/ VELP
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HO
|
NIL
|
|
North Lakhimpur/VELR
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Lucknow/VILK
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR TREND
|
CWIS at RWY27;
Transmissometer at RWY27, MID, RWY09
|
H24
|
Available
|
|
Ludhiana/VILD
|
As & when required (A/R)
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Madurai/VOMD
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC
|
H24
|
Nil
|
|
Mangalore/ VOML
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
AWOS at RWY 24
|
H24
|
Nil
|
|
Mumbai/VABB
|
Half hourly
|
METAR/TREND
|
IAAMS at RWY 27;
RWY 09, RWY14
|
H24
|
Available
|
|
Mysore/VOMY
|
Hourly
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
A/R
|
Nil
|
|
Nagpur/VANP
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
CWIS at RWY 32
|
H24
|
Available
|
|
Nanded/VOND
|
Hourly
|
METAR
|
CWIS at RWY 28
|
A/R
|
Nil
|
|
Pantnagar /VIPT
|
Hourly
|
METAR
|
SS
|
A/R
|
Nil
|
|
Patna/VEPT
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
Transmissometer at RWY 25,
DIWE at ATC
|
H24
|
Available
|
|
Porbandar/VAPR
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Pondicherry/VOPC
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
SS
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Raipur/VERP
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC
|
H24
|
Nil
|
|
Rajahmundry/VORY
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Rajkot/VARK
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Ranchi/ VERC
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Rohini Heliport
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
CWIS near HELIPAD
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Safdarjung (Delhi)/
VIDD
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Available
|
|
Salem/VOSM
|
Hourly
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
A/R
|
Nil
|
|
Shamshabad (Hyderabad)/VOHS
|
Half hourly
|
METAR/TREND
|
IAAMS at RWY 27;
CWIS & Transmissometer at RWY 09
|
H24
|
Available (VOHY)
|
|
Surat/VASU
|
Hourly
|
METAR
|
DIWE at ATC
|
A/R
|
NIL
|
|
Thiruvanthapuram/VOTV
|
Hourly + Half hourly
|
METAR/TREND
|
CWIS at RWY 32
|
H24
|
Available
|
|
Tiruchirapalli/VOTR
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC
|
H24
|
Available
|
|
Tirupati/VOTP
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR
|
DIWE at RWY26
|
HO
|
Nil
|
|
Tuticorin/VOTK
|
HJ NIL
|
METAR
|
DIWE near ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Udaipur/VAUD
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Vadodara/VABO
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
|
Varanasi/VEBN
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at ATC; Transmissometer at RWY27
|
H24
|
Nil
|
|
Vijayawada/VOBZ
|
Hourly + Half hourly during HO
|
METAR/TREND
|
DIWE at RWY08
|
HJ
|
Nil
|
11.
|
Aircraft reports
|
11.1
|
Routine air reports at the following designated MET reporting points (as given on para 11.4 & 11.5) shall be made by all aircraft.
|
11.2.
|
Special observations shall be made whenever the following weather phenomenon are encountered or observed -
|
|
i) severe turbulence; or
|
|
ii) severe icing; or
|
|
iii) severe mountain wave; or
|
|
iv) thunderstorm without hail, that are obscured, embedded, widespread or in squall lines; or
|
|
v) thunderstorm with hail, that are obscured, embedded, widespread or in squall lines; or
|
|
vi) heavy dust storm or heavy sandstorm; or
|
|
vii) volcanic ash cloud; or
|
|
viii) pre-eruption activity or a volcanic eruption
|
|
|
11.3.
|
The meteorological office shall make arrangements with the appropriate ATS unit to ensure that -
|
|
i) Routine and special air-reports by voice communications, the ATS units relay them without delay to their associated meteorological watch office
|
|
ii) Routine air-reports by data-link communications, the ATS units relay them without delay to WAFCs; and
|
|
iii) Special air-reports by data-link communications, the ATS units relay them without delay to their associated meteorological watch office and WAFCs.
|
|
|
11.4.
|
Meteorological reporting points on National ATS routes
|
14.
|
General
|
|
|
|
For the safety of air traffic, the meteorological offices maintain an Area Meteorological Watch and Warning Service. This service consists partly of a continuous weather watch within the FIR and the issuance of appropriate information (SIGMET) by Meteorological Watch Offices and partly of the issuing of warning for the respective aerodrome by all aviation forecasting offices.
|
|
|
15.
|
Area Meteorological Watch Service
|
|
|
15.1.
|
The Area Meteorological Watch Service is performed by the following Meteorological Watch Offices (MWO); Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata & Mumbai.
|
|
|
15.2.
|
The MWO issue information in the form of SIGMET messages about the occurrence and/or expected occurrence of one or more of the following phenomena within the FIR served by the MWO:
|
|
i) Thunderstorms
|
|
ii) Tropical Cyclone
|
|
iii) Turbulence
|
|
iv) Icing
|
|
v) Mountain waves
|
|
vi) Dust storm
|
|
vii) Sandstorm
|
|
viii) Volcanic ash cloud
|
|
ix) Cumulonimbus
|
|
x) Hail
|
|
|
15.3.
|
The SIGMET are issued in abbreviations and plain language using ICAO abbreviations and are numbered consecutively for each day commencing at 0001UTC. The period of validity of a SIGMET message shall be not more than 4 hours and in the exceptional case of tropical cyclone and volcanic ash it shall not be more than 6 hours.
|
|
|
15.4.
|
The SIGMET are issued in abbreviations and plain language using ICAO abbreviations and are numbered consecutively for each day commencing at 0001UTC. The period of validity of a SIGMET message shall be not more than 4 hours and in the exceptional case of tropical cyclone and volcanic ash it shall not be more than 6 hours.
|
|
|
15.5.
|
In addition to the issuance of SIGMET, the MWO inform the local FIC about the occurrence or expected occurrence of thunderstorms, moderate icing, light to moderate hail, or moderate turbulence within the FIR concerned. The information is intended for lower air-space.
|
|
|
16.
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Warning Services
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16.1.
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Aerodrome warnings are issued by all forecasting offices and give the concise information of meteorological conditions, which would adversely affect aircraft on the ground, including parked aircraft and the aerodrome facilities and services, if one or several of the following phenomena are expected to occur at the airport -
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i. Wind - speed expected to reach 30 knots or more even in gusts, direction changing rapidly by 45 DEG or more, wind speed before and after expected to be 20 knots or more
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ii. Squall
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iii. Tropical Cyclone
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iv. Dust storm
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v. Sandstorm
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vi. Thunderstorm
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vii. Hail
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viii. Frost
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ix. Hoar Frost or rime
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x. Snow (including the expected or observed snow accumulation)
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xi. Freezing precipitation
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xii. Rising sand or dust
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xiii. Volcanic ash
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16.2.
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Warning for gliders and light aircraft and helicopters are issued when wind speed is expected to reach 17Kt or more.
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16.3.
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Wind shear warning provide concise information of the observed or expected existence of wind shear which could adversely affect aircraft on the approach path or take-off path or during circling approach between runway level and 500 M above the level and aircraft on the runway during the landing roll or take-off run.
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16.4.
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These warning are issued in English and are issued only for the local aerodrome and are passed on to local ATS units for further dissemination over the aerodrome to the operators etc.
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17.
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Others automated meteorological services
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17.1.
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Online aviation meteorological briefing system (OLBS) is functioning from MWO, Chennai and Delhi. It provides through username / password access to the registered users of airlines to avail briefing material, current weather reports, SIGMET warnings, tropical cyclone and volcanic ash advisory bulletin issued by the designated centres (of ICAO) for international / domestic flight planning purposes.
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18.
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ICAO documents
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18.1.
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The standards and recommended practices and procedures contained in the following ICAO documents are applicable to the meteorological practice in India.
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