1.

General

1.1

Civil Aviation Requirements Section 8 Series ‘O’ provide the minimum instruments and equipment including Communication and Navigation equipment, which are to be installed on aircraft depending on their operation. Civil Aviation requirements Section 2 Series I Part II lays down the minimum instruments and equipment including Communication and Navigation equipment, which are to be installed on aircraft engaged in Flying Club and aerial work operations and gliders.

Note: The regulations/requirements referred herein are subjected to amendments. Users should ensure that fully amended documents are used for reference purpose.

2.

General Requirements

2.1

In addition to the minimum equipment necessary for the issuance of a certificate of airworthiness, the instruments, equipment and flight documents prescribed in the following paragraphs shall be installed or carried, as appropriate, in aircraft according to the aircraft used and to the circumstance under which the flight is to be conducted.

2.2

All instruments and equipment and their installation shall be of approved type.

2.3

All instruments dials shall have the operataing range marked as specified by the manufacturer of the aircraft.

2.4

Instruments/equipment fitted shall be kept in serviceable condition and that they should be so at the time of take off unless their un-serviceability for any particular flight condition has been permitted by Director General of Civil Aviation.

2.5

When a flight is conducted with unserviceable instruments/equipment in accordance with para 3.4, the affected equipment/instrument shall be placarded as “Unserviceable” and additionally rendered ineffective or removed from aircraft so as not to interfere with other serviceable systems. The Pilot in Charge of the aircraft must also be informed of the same by the maintenance personnel responsible for releasing the aircraft.

2.6

The radio equipment shall be installed and operated with a licence issued under the Indian Telegraph Act of 1885 and the rules made thereunder as amended from time to time and in a manner approved by DGCA.

3.

Aircraft Instruments and Equipment - Flying Training Organization and Aerial Work Operation

3.1

General

3.1.1

In addition to the minimum equipment necessary for the issuance of a certificate of airworthiness, the instruments and equipment prescribed in the following paragraphs shall be installed or carried, as appropriate, in aircraft according to the aircraft usage and to the circumstances under which the flight is to be conducted.

3.2

Instruments

3.2.1

An aircraft shall be equipped with instruments which will enable the flight crew to control the flight path of the aircraft, carry out any required procedural maneuver, and observe the operating limitations of the aircraft in the expected operating conditions.

3.3

Equipment

3.3.1

An aircraft shall be equipped with:

a) An accessible first-aid kit in accordance with CAR Sec 2 Series ‘X’ Part III;

b) Portable fire-extinguishers of a type which, when discharged, will not cause dangerous contamination of the air within aircraft. At least one shall be located in :

1) The Pilot’s compartment and

2) Each passenger’s compartment that is separate from the Pilot’s compartment and not readily accessible to the pilot or co-pilot;

3) A seat belt for each seat, and

4) A safety harness for each flight crew member seat.

Note : Safety harness includes shoulder strap(s) and a seat belt which may be used independently.

3.4

Aircraft operated in accordance with Visual Flight Rules (VFR)

3.4.1

An aircraft when operated in accordance with VFR flight shall be equipped with:

a) Air Speed Indicator (Aircraft with speed limitation expressed in terms of ‘Mach Number’ shall be equipped with a ‘Mach Number Indicator’).

b) Pressure Altimeter.

c) Magnetic Compass.

d) RPM Indicator for each engine.

e) Outside air temperature indicator on aircraft on engine having provision for carburetor heat control in case carburetor Air Temperature Gauge is not installed.

f) Oil Pressure Indicator for each engine.

g) Oil Quantity Indicator for each tank (instead of an instrument, it may be a dip stick).

h) CHT Indicator for each air-cooled engine having rated BHP above 250.

i) Temperature Gauge for determining the temperature of the coolant for each liquid-cooled engine.

j) Oil Temperature Guage for each air-cooled engine having rated BHP abvoe 250.

k) Manifold Pressure Gauge for each engine, fitted with variable pitch propeller and/or is super charged.

l) Fuel Gauge indicating the quantity of fuel in each tank.

m) Landing Gear position indicator for the aircraft fitted with retractable landing gear.

n) An accurate time piece, indicating time in hours, minutes and seconds, and

o) Such other items/equipment as may be prescribed by the manufacturer/DGCA for particular installation.

Note 1 : On aircraft below 2000 Kgs AUW, in lieu of time piece reference item (n), the use of personal watch worn by pilot is acceptable provided it is accurate and shows the time in hours, minutes and seconds. However, this fact should be recorded by the Pilot-in-Command on the Pilot’s acceptance certificate.

Note 2 : The aircraft used for cloud seeding operation shall be fitted with “G” Meter as per DGCA/New Misc./04.

Note 3 : The aircraft engaged in agro operation are to be painted with day glow paint at the wing tips.

Note 4 : When operating in icing condition, aircraft shall have means of preventing malfunctioning of air speed indicating system due to either condensation or icing.

3.5

Aircraft Operated at Night

3.5.1

An aircraft operated during night shall have the following instruments/equipment installed:

a) Instrument/equipment as required for VFR flight.

b) Position lights (Navigation lights) (An unobstructed red light on the left side and green on the right near the wing tips and a white light near the tail).

c) One landing light.

d) Adequate source of electrical energy for all installed electrical equipment.

e) Hand torches for each crew station.

f) Instrument for knowing fore and aft as well as the lateral attitude of the aircraft. (applicable to aicraft issued with C of A for first time after 31-12-1984 only).

g) All the flight instruments and equipment necessary for night flying shall be properly illuminated.

h) Light in all passenger compartments and in cockpit.

i) An anti-collision light intended to attract attention to the aircraft. (applicable to aicraft issued with C of A for first time after 31-12-1984 only).

3.6

Aircraft operated in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)

3.6.1

An aircraft when operated in accordance with the instrument flight rules or when the aircraft cannot be maintained in a desired attitude without reference to one or more flight instruments shall be equipped with:

a) A Magnetic Compass.

b) An accurate time-piece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds.

c) A sensitive Pressure Altimeter.

Note : Due to the long history of mis-reading, the use of drum-pointer Altimeters is not recommended.

d) Air speed indicator.

Note : When operated in icing condition, aircraft shall have means of preventing malfunctioning of air speed indicating system due to either condensation or icing.

e) A turn and slip indicator.

f) An altitude indicator (artificial horizon).

g) A heading indicator (directional gyroscope).

Note : The requirements of e), f) and g) above, may be met by combinations of instruments or by integrated flight director systems provided that the safeguards against total failure, inherent in the three separate instruments, are retained.

h) Means of indicating whether the supply of power to the gyroscopic instruments is adequate.

i) A means of indicating in the flight crew compartment the outside air temperature.

j) A rate-of-climb and descent indicator, and

k) Such additional instruments or equipment as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority.

Note : The aircraft should have been type certified for IFR flights.

3.7

Aircraft on Flight over Water.

3.7.1

See “CAR Section 8 Series ‘O’ Part III - Operation of General Aviation Aeroplanes” for Communication and Navigation Equipment.

3.8

Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)

3.8.1

Aircraft so defined in CAR Section 2 Series “I” Part VII shall be fitted with Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS).

3.9

Flight Recorders

3.9.1

Aircraft so defined in CAR Section 2 Series ‘I’ Part V and VI shall be fitted with Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) respectively.

3.10

Aircraft required to be equipped with Pressure Altitude Reporting Transponder.

3.10.1

Aircraft so defined in CAR Section 2 Series ‘R’ Part IV shall be fitted with Pressure Altitude Reporting Transponder.

3.11

Aircraft required to be equipped with Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)

3.11.1

Aircraft so defined in CAR Section 2 Series ‘I’ Part VIII shall be fitted with Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS).

3.12

Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)

3.12.1

Aircraft so defined shall be fitted with an ELT meeting the requirements as laid down in FAA TSO C-91a operating on frequency of 121.5 MHz and 406 MHz for a minimum period of 48 hours which should be of the type as given below:

i) For an aircraft flying over land the ELT should be capable of being activated due to impact of ‘G’ load as specified in FAA TSO C-91a. However ELT to TSO C91 may also continue to be used if already installed on the aircraft.

ii) For an aircraft flying over water the ELT should be of water activated type.

iii) An aircraft operating over water beyond a distance of 100 NM from the sea shore shall be equipped with at least two water activated ELT.

Note 1: The above requirement is not applicable to aircraft engaged in training flights operating within 50 NM of the vicinity of the airport. For cross-country flights the aircraft should be fitted with ELT either portable or fixed type.

Note 2: Each ELT must be attached to the airplane in such a manner that the probability of damage to the transmitter in the event of crash impact is minimized. The ELT must be installed on the aircraft as far as aft, as practicable.

3.13

Aircraft on Flights over Designated Land Areas

3.13.1

An aircraft when operated across land areas which have been designated by Airports Authority of India as areas in which search and rescue would be specially difficult, shall be equipped with such signaling devices and life saving equipment (including means of sustaining life) as may be appropriate to the area over flown.

4

Aircraft Communiction and Navigation Equipment - Flying Training Organization and Aerial Work Operation

4.1

Communication Equipment

a) An aircraft to be operated in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules or at night shall be provided with radio communication equipment. Such equipment shall be capable of conducting two-way communication with those aeronautical stations and on those frequencies prescribed by the appropriate authority or the appropriate foreign authority when abroad.

b) An aircraft to be operated in accordance with the Visual Flight Rules, but as a controlled flight, shall, unless exempted by DGCA, be provided with radio communication equipment capable of conducting two-way communication at any time during flight with such aeronautical stations and on such frequencies as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority.

c) An aircraft to be operated on extended flights over water or flight over designated land areas shall, unless exempted by DGCA, be provided with radio communication equipment capable of conducting two-way communication at any time during flight with such aeronautical stations and on such frequencies as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority/DGCA.

d) The radio communication equipment required in accordance with (a) to (c) shall provide for communication on the aeronautical emergency frequency 121.5 MHz.

4.2

Navigation Equipment

a) An aircraft shall be provided with navigation equipment which will enable it to proceed:

i) in accordance with the flight plan

ii) in accordance with prescribed Required Navigation Performance (RNP) types, and

iii) in accordance with the requirements of air traffic services, except when, if not so prescribed by DGCA, navigation for flights under the visual flight rules is accomplished by visual reference to landmarks at least every 60 NM (110 Km).

b) On flilghts in which it is intended to land in instrument meteorological conditions, an aircraft shall be provided with radio equipment capable of receiving signals providing guidance to a point from which a visual landing can be effected. This equipment shall be capable of providing such guidance for each aerodrome at which it is intended to land in instrument meteorological conditions and for any designated alternate aerodromes.

5

Instruments and Equipment for Gliders

5.1

Gliders not certified for cloud flying, shall at least be provided with the following instruments and equipment:

a) Approved first-aid kit.

b) Safety harness for each occupant.

c) Air speed indicator.

d) Altimeter.

e) Variometer, and

f) Turn and bank indicator.

5.2

Gliders intended to be certified for cloud flying shall have the following instruments and equipment in addition to those mentioned in para 5.1 above:

a) Artificial horizon

b) Parachute for each occupant

Note 1 : Parachutes shall be inspected and packed by persons specifically approved for the purpose, by DGCA before carriage on board.

Note 2 : No passenger will be carried on board a glider during planned/international cloud flying.

Note 3 : All pilots and trainees when undertaking “Cloud Flying” shall be made familier with the use of parachute before the flight is undertaken.

5.3

In addition, the glider shall be fitted with a magnetic compass and watch when engaged in cross-country flight.

5.4

Sufficient oxygen for each occupant shall be provided when the glider is flown at altitude of 10,000 Ft and above.

6

Instrument and Equipment for Powered Gliders (Motor Gliders)

6.1

All powered gliders shall be equipped with instruments and equipment as indicated for gliders in paragraph 13 above and in addition shall have the following installed at all times:

a) Tachometer

b) Fuel Quantity Indicator

c) Oil Pressure Indicator

d) Cylinder Head Temperature Indicator

e) Outside Air Temperature Indicator (unless a separate carburetor air temperature gauge is installed).

7

Carriage of Pressure Altitude Reporting Transponder

7.1

Unless otherwise authorised by DGCA, no person shall operate in the Indian airspace, an aeroplane having maximum certified take-off mass of 5700 Kg. and above and having maximum certified passenger seating configuration (excluding any pilot seats) of more than 30 seats or maximum payload capacity of more then 3 tonnes if such aeroplane is not equipped with mode S transponder.

7.2

The requirements for installation of Pressure Altitude Reporting Transponder are laid down in the CAR Section 2 Series ‘R’ Part IV.

8

Carriage of Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)

8.1

Unless otherwise authorised by DGCA , no person shall operate in the Indian airspace , an aeroplane subject to compliance of the requirement of installation of ACAS as per CAR Section 2, Series I Part VIII as under :

8.2

Aeroplanes engaged in Commercial Air Transport Operation:

8.2.1

All turbine-engined aeroplanes having a maximum certified take-off mass in excess of 15000 kg or authorized to carry more than 30 passengers or maximum payload capacity of more than 3 tonnes shall be equipped with an Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS II).

8.2.2

All turbine-engined aeroplanes having a maximum certified take-off mass in excess of 5700 kg but not exceeding 15000 kg or authorized to carry more than 19 passengers, which are imported on or after 1st April 2006, shall be equipped with an Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS II).

8.2.3

All turbine-engined aeroplanes having a maximum certified take-off mass in excess of 5700 kg but not exceeding 15000 kg or authorized to carry more than 19 passengers, which are imported before 1st April 2006, shall be equipped with an Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS I).

8.2.4

All turbine-engined aeroplanes having a maximum certified take-off mass 5700 kg or less and authorized to carry 10 to 19 passengers shall be equipped with an Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS I).

8.2.5

All twin jet-engined aeroplanes having a maximum certified take-off mass 5700 kg or less and authorized to carry less than 10 passengers shall be equipped with an Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS I).

8.2.6

It is recommended that all aeroplanes covered under paras 8.2.3, 8.2.4 and 8.2.5 should be equipped with an Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS II).

8.2.7

An Airborne Collision Avoidance System shall operate in accordance with the relevant provisions of Annex 10, Volume IV.

8.3

Aeroplanes engaged in General Aviation Operation:

8.3.1

All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certified take-off mass in excess of 15000 kg or authorized to carry more than 30 passengers, for which the individual airworthiness certificate is first issued after 24 November 2005 shall be equipped with an Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS II).

8.3.2

It is recommended that all turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certified take-off mass in excess of 5700 kg but not exceeding 15000 kg or authorized to carry more than 19 passengers, for which the individual airworthiness certificate is first issued after 01 January 2008 should be equipped with an Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS II).

NOTE 1- The term “individual airworthiness certificate is first issued” means certificate of airworthiness issued to the individual aircraft after manufacture.

NOTE 2- The term “turbine-engined” includes turbo-jet, turbo-prop and turbofan engines.

NOTE 3- The term “authorised to carry number of passengers” implies the passengers seating capacity as per type certificate.

8.4

Detailed requirements for installation of Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) are laid down in the CAR Section 2 Series ‘I’ Part VIII.

9

Flight documents to be carried

9.1

The requirements for carriage of documents to be carried on board are laid down in the CAR Section 2 Series ‘X’ Part VII.